Jaekelotodus robustus was a robust sand-tiger-type lamniform shark with a powerful grasping dentition. It belonged to the diverse group of Palaeogene lamniform predators that occupied coastal and shelf seas before many modern shark lineages reached their present diversity.

Its tall pointed teeth, supported by well-developed lateral cusplets, were designed to pierce and retain mobile prey. Fishes were probably a major food source, while cephalopods and other soft-bodied marine animals are also plausible.

The species is known mainly from isolated teeth, but their sturdy construction suggests a predator capable of handling relatively substantial prey. It would have shared the early Eocene sea with sharks using very different feeding strategies, from shell crushing to fine cutting and small-prey hunting.