Stephania auriformis

Stephania auriformis

(Hollick) Han & Manchester, 2018

Fossil group Plants
Order Ranunculales
Family Menispermaceae
Genus Stephania
Taxonomic status Accepted
Geological age Ypresian

Summary

Stephania auriformis was an early Eocene member of the moonseed family, known from the hard inner stone of its fruit. Menispermaceae today are dominated by climbing plants, and placement in the living genus Stephania makes a climbing habit plausible, although the London Clay fossil itself preserves the fruit rather than attached stems or leaves.

The endocarp formed a tough protective case around the seed. Its horseshoe-shaped seed cavity, central opening and ribbed dorsal crest are characteristic of Stephania-type fruits. The species also occurs outside Britain, showing that this fruit form had a wide Palaeogene distribution.

Quick Identification

Look for: a small horseshoe-shaped moonseed fruit stone with a rounded central foramen, a narrow smooth ventral concavity and about 25–30 ribs running across the dorsal ridge; the two limbs converge closely towards the base.

Diagnostic Features

  • Endocarp is horseshoe-shaped and narrow obovate to obovate in outline.
  • Known endocarps are about 6.3–8.0 mm long and 4.0–6.8 mm wide.
  • A rounded foramen is positioned in the central area of the endocarp.
  • Dorsal ridge carries roughly 25–30 radially aligned ribs alternating with rounded pits or grooves.
  • Ventral concavity is narrow and smooth, with the two limbs converging closely towards the base.

Fossil Details

Typical size
About 6.3–8.0 mm long and 4.0–6.8 mm wide.
Fossil material
Fruit
Preservation
Species-level identification is strongest when the central foramen, dorsal ribbing and overall horseshoe shape are all preserved. Abrasion or breakage can remove the ribs or limb tips and make damaged endocarps difficult to separate from other Menispermaceae.

Recorded Fossil Sites

No fossil-site occurrences have yet been recorded for this species.

References

  • Meng Han; Steven R. Manchester; Qiong-Yao Fu; Jian-Hua Jin; Cheng Quan. (2018). Paleogene fossil fruits of Stephania (Menispermaceae) from North America and East Asia. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 56(2), 81–91 View reference
Last Reviewed
27 August 2026 Reviewed by Sam Harris