Icacinicarya ovoidea

Icacinicarya ovoidea

Reid et Chandler

Fossil group Plants
Order Icacinales
Family Icacinaceae
Genus Icacinicarya
Taxonomic status Accepted
Geological age Ypresian

Summary

Icacinicarya ovoidea was a small ovoid icacinaceous fruit with a comparatively sparse pattern of ridges and hollows. The hard stone enclosed an anatropous seed, and a marginal rib carried the funicular/vascular connection toward the apical placenta. Unlike several Iodes-like fruits, the lining of the seed cavity was not papillate.

Only locule casts of the London Clay species survive in the material assessed by the modern revision, so much of the original external wall is known from historical description rather than direct re-examination. The fossil nevertheless records more than a generic ‘seed’: it preserves the architecture of a one-seeded fruit, including the marginal attachment pathway and seed orientation. Its exact parent-plant growth form cannot be reconstructed from this organ alone.

Quick Identification

Look for: a small ovoid locule cast, roughly 11.5 × 7.5 × 6 mm, representing a fruit stone with only a few coarse ridges/hollows and a marked marginal funicular rib. The inner lining is non-papillate; surviving specimens lack the intact outer endocarp.

Diagnostic Features

  • Overall fruit-stone form is ovoid, about 11.5 mm long in the classic material.
  • Original endocarp surface was described with only a few coarse ridges and hollows rather than a dense reticulum.
  • A strong marginal rib carries the funicular/vascular pathway toward the apical placenta.
  • Endocarp wall is constructed from interlocking digitate cells.
  • Locule lining is non-papillate.

Fossil Details

Typical size
Approximately 11.5 × 7.5 × 6 mm in the classic material.
Fossil material
Seed, Fruit
Preservation
Modernly available material is restricted to locule casts, so the outer surface and wall anatomy are not usually directly observable. Identification should distinguish a cast from an intact stone and avoid reconstructing missing sculpture from pyrite relief.

Similar Species

Recorded Fossil Sites

No fossil-site occurrences have yet been recorded for this species.

References

  • Eleanor Mary Reid; Marjorie Elizabeth Jane Chandler. (1933). The London Clay Flora. . British Museum (Natural History), London View reference
  • Gregory W. Stull; Neil F. Adams; Steven R. Manchester; Dan Sykes; Margaret E. Collinson. (2016). Revision of Icacinaceae from the Early Eocene London Clay flora based on X-ray micro-CT. Botany, 94(9), 713–745 View reference
  • Kathleen B. Pigg; Steven R. Manchester; Melanie L. DeVore. (2008). Fruits of Icacinaceae (Tribe Iodeae) from the Late Paleocene of western North America. American Journal of Botany, 95(7), 824–832 View reference
Last Reviewed
26 August 2026 Reviewed by Sam Harris