Mastixiopsis nyssoides

Mastixiopsis nyssoides

Kirchh.

Fossil group Plants
Order Cornales
Family Mastixiaceae
Genus Mastixiopsis
Taxonomic status Accepted
Geological age Ypresian

Summary

Mastixiopsis nyssoides was an early Eocene mastixioid plant known from a hard one-seeded fruit stone. The stone protected the seed with a dense fibrous endocarp, while a thicker outer fruit layer surrounded it. Longitudinal grooves could give well-preserved fruits a strongly channelled exterior.

The London Clay fossils show that this distinctive mastixioid fruit type was already present in the early Eocene. However, pyritisation can hide the external grooves and the available London Clay material is not equally well preserved, so the species is best recognised from a combination of exterior form and internal structure rather than a single surface character.

Quick Identification

Look for: a unilocular mastixioid fruit stone with prominent longitudinal grooves when the surface is preserved, a curved seed cavity, a long germination valve and a dense fibrous inner endocarp beneath a thicker outer fruit layer.

Diagnostic Features

  • Fruit stone is unilocular with a curved locule in transverse section.
  • A germination valve extends for most or all of the endocarp length.
  • Well-preserved examples show prominent longitudinal grooves on the exterior.
  • Inner endocarp is composed of densely packed fibres and sclereids.
  • A comparatively thick outer mesocarp is built from larger, predominantly radially orientated cells.

Fossil Details

Fossil material
Fruit
Preservation
Longitudinal grooves may be difficult to see on pyritised London Clay specimens, and not all historically referred material is equally secure. Identification is strongest when external grooves, curved locule and layered internal anatomy can be assessed together.

Similar Species

Recorded Fossil Sites

No fossil-site occurrences have yet been recorded for this species.

References

  • Steven R. Manchester; Margaret E. Collinson. (2022). Mastixioid fruits (Cornales) from the early Eocene London Clay Flora: morphology, anatomy and nomenclatural revision. Fossil Imprint, 78(1), 310–328 View reference
Last Reviewed
26 August 2026 Reviewed by Sam Harris