Whitephippus tamesis

Whitephippus tamesis

Casier, 1966

Common name Opah / oarfish
Fossil group Bony Fish
Order Lampriformes
Family incertae sedis
Genus Whitephippus
Taxonomic status Accepted
Geological age Ypresian

Summary

Whitephippus tamesis was a highly distinctive lampriform fish from the London Clay, known from a three-dimensional skull. Modern study has shown that it belongs with the lineage that includes oarfishes, opahs and ribbonfishes rather than the scombrid groups to which some early Eocene fishes were historically compared. The head is laterally compressed and strongly keeled, with a small toothless mouth.

Lampriforms are predominantly pelagic fishes, and the cranial form of Whitephippus is consistent with life in the water column. Its exact diet cannot be recovered directly, but the small edentulous mouth suggests feeding on relatively small prey rather than biting large animals. The species is important evidence that lampriforms independently evolved specialised pelagic cranial designs early in the Cenozoic.

Quick Identification

Look for: a laterally compressed skull with a strong median dorsal keel, a large ossified sclerotic element around the eye, a large plate-like operculum and a small mouth lacking obvious marginal teeth.

Diagnostic Features

  • Neurocranium is strongly laterally compressed.
  • Dorsal skull roof carries a prominent median keel.
  • Orbit is associated with a large ossified sclerotic element.
  • Operculum is large, broad and plate-like.
  • Jaws form a small mouth and lack conspicuous marginal teeth.

Fossil Details

Preservation
London Clay fish skulls are commonly incomplete, compressed, pyritised or enclosed in concretions. Thin cranial margins and projecting processes are easily lost, and separated bones can be difficult to orient; species-level identification is strongest when several adjoining diagnostic bones are preserved together.

Recorded Fossil Sites

No fossil-site occurrences have yet been recorded for this species.

References

  • Casier, E. (1966). Faune ichthyologique du London Clay. 496 pp.. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London View reference
  • Davesne, D.; Andrews, J. V.; Beckett, H. T.; Giles, S.; Friedman, M. (2024). Three-dimensional anatomy of the early Eocene Whitephippus (Teleostei, Lampriformes) documents parallel conquests of the pelagic environment by multiple teleost lineages. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 43(3), e2284998 View reference
  • Friedman, M.; Beckett, H. T.; Close, R. A.; Johanson, Z. (2016). The English Chalk and London Clay: two remarkable British bony fish Lagerstätten. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 430(1), 165–200. Geological Society of London, London View reference
Last Reviewed
20 August 2026 Reviewed by Sam Harris