Arcoscalpellum quadratum

Arcoscalpellum quadratum

(Dixon, 1850)

Common name Stalked Barnacle
Fossil group Crustaceans
Order Scalpellomorpha
Family Scalpellidae
Genus Arcoscalpellum
Taxonomic status Accepted
Geological age Ypresian

Summary

Arcoscalpellum quadratum was a stalked barnacle. Instead of crawling across the seabed, it lived fixed in one place by a flexible stalk, raising its plated body into the water and sweeping microscopic food from passing currents with feathery feeding limbs.

Stalked barnacles could colonise shells, driftwood and other firm surfaces in an otherwise soft muddy sea. Their presence gives a glimpse of the small suspension-feeding communities that lived attached to objects on the London Clay seabed, a very different lifestyle from the mobile crabs and lobsters around them.

Quick Identification

Look for: a robust, distinctly quadrate stalked-barnacle plate with the proportions and ridge pattern characteristic of Arcoscalpellum; isolated worn plates should be compared directly with Gale’s figured material.

Diagnostic Features

  • Fossil consists of calcitic capitular plates rather than a crab or lobster carapace.
  • Diagnostic plates have a comparatively quadrate outline.
  • Plate margins and growth ridges produce a regular, strongly geometric form.
  • Plate proportions differ from the smaller calanticid barnacles in the same fauna.
  • Species-level identification depends on plate identity and complete outline; broken plate fragments are often only identifiable as stalked barnacle.

Fossil Details

Typical size
Individual plates are millimetre- to centimetre-scale; complete capitulum size is rarely preserved.
Fossil material
Shell
Preservation
Isolated plates are robust but their tips and margins may chip or abrade. Pyritisation, encrustation or breakage can obscure the outlines and growth ridges needed for confident species-level identification.

Similar Species

Recorded Fossil Sites

Synonyms & Previous Names

Scalpellum quadratum; Xiphidium quadratum

References

  • A. S. Gale. (2025). British Fossil Cirripedia. Part 2. Calanticomorpha, Scalpellomorpha. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, 179(671), 105–193 View reference
  • Thomas Bell. (1857). A monograph of the fossil malacostracous Crustacea of Great Britain. Part I. Crustacea of the London Clay. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, 10, i–viii, 1–44. Palaeontographical Society, London View reference
Last Reviewed
15 August 2026 Reviewed by Sam Harris