Icacinicarya reticulata

Icacinicarya reticulata

Chandler

Fossil group Plants
Order Icacinales
Family Icacinaceae
Genus Icacinicarya
Taxonomic status Accepted
Geological age Ypresian

Summary

Icacinicarya reticulata produced a thick-walled, rather inflated fruit stone whose surface architecture differs from the ordinary raised-ridge reticula of many London Clay fruits. A network of substantial fibres or vascular strands is partly embedded within the wall, creating a reticulate appearance over a subglobose endocarp. The marginal primary vascular bundle itself lies outside the wall.

The endocarp anatomy confirms an icacinaceous fruit, but its unusual fibre network has not yielded a secure match to a living genus. Comparisons have been made with Icacina-like fruits, yet the modern revision kept it in Icacinicarya rather than treating that resemblance as proof. The parent plant was certainly an angiosperm and probably woody at family level, but no attached vegetative organs show whether it was a tree, shrub or climber.

Quick Identification

Look for: a relatively inflated, almost subglobose endocarp with a thick wall and a reticulate network formed by substantial fibres/vascular strands partly embedded in the wall. Internal anatomy is important; do not confuse a simple raised ridge network with this construction.

Diagnostic Features

  • Endocarp is oval in side view but subglobose rather than strongly flattened in cross-section.
  • Surface reticulum is produced by a network of thick fibres or vascular strands partly embedded in the wall.
  • Wall is thick, commonly around 2–3.5 mm.
  • Marginal primary vascular bundle runs outside the endocarp wall.
  • Locule lining is non-papillate.

Fossil Details

Typical size
About 13.5–16 mm long, 15–17 mm wide and 11–12.5 mm thick in preserved examples.
Fossil material
Seed, Fruit
Preservation
Pyritisation can obscure the relationship between the fibre network and the surrounding wall. Abrasion may leave only the deeper strands, making the surface look more strongly grooved or irregular than the original fruit stone.

Similar Species

Recorded Fossil Sites

No fossil-site occurrences have yet been recorded for this species.

References

  • Gregory W. Stull; Neil F. Adams; Steven R. Manchester; Dan Sykes; Margaret E. Collinson. (2016). Revision of Icacinaceae from the Early Eocene London Clay flora based on X-ray micro-CT. Botany, 94(9), 713–745 View reference
  • Margaret E. Collinson; Neil F. Adams; Steven R. Manchester; Gregory W. Stull; Fabiany Herrera; Selena Y. Smith; Mary J. Andrew; Paul Kenrick; Dan Sykes. (2016). X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) of pyrite-permineralized fruits and seeds from the London Clay Formation (Ypresian) conserved in silicone oil: a critical evaluation. Botany, 94(9), 697–711 View reference
  • Marjorie Elizabeth Jane Chandler. (1961). The Lower Tertiary Floras of Southern England. I. Palaeocene Floras. London Clay Flora (Supplement). . British Museum (Natural History), London View reference
Last Reviewed
26 August 2026 Reviewed by Sam Harris