Palaeophytocrene foveolata

Palaeophytocrene foveolata

Reid et Chandler

Fossil group Plants
Order Icacinales
Family Icacinaceae
Genus Palaeophytocrene
Taxonomic status Accepted
Geological age Ypresian

Summary

Palaeophytocrene foveolata was another Phytocreneae fruit with a deeply sculpted endocarp. Its surface carried many pits, more numerous and smaller than in P. ambigua, and each was associated with a substantial projection into the seed cavity. The locule lining is papillate and the seed coat preserves inflated cells, providing unusually detailed reproductive anatomy.

This construction shows why apparently similar pitted London Clay fruits cannot be grouped by surface texture alone. In P. foveolata the tubercles are relatively broad and deep, and their sides are more parallel than the sloping tubercles seen in some living comparisons. The endocarp surface can be damaged enough to suggest extra ridges that may be taphonomic. Its whole-plant architecture is not preserved, but the fruit anatomy securely places it within the Phytocreneae radiation of Icacinaceae.

Quick Identification

Look for: a pitted Phytocreneae stone with many pits — roughly 12 along the length and about 8 across — and broad deep tubercles projecting into the locule. The inner lining is papillate; CT/sectioning is usually needed to assess tubercle shape confidently.

Diagnostic Features

  • Endocarp surface bears numerous pits, commonly about 12 along its length and around 8 across.
  • Pits correspond to broad tubercles that extend deeply into the locule.
  • Tubercle sides are relatively parallel rather than broadly sloping.
  • Locule lining is papillate.
  • Seed testa preserves conspicuously inflated cells, roughly 0.05–0.15 mm across.

Fossil Details

Typical size
About 15–27 mm long, 14–17 mm wide and roughly 5.5–13 mm thick.
Fossil material
Seed, Fruit
Preservation
Abrasion can truncate the rims of pits and tubercles, and damaged surfaces may appear to carry ridges that are not certainly original. Internal morphology is therefore more reliable than a weathered external surface alone.

Similar Species

Recorded Fossil Sites

References

  • Eleanor Mary Reid; Marjorie Elizabeth Jane Chandler. (1933). The London Clay Flora. . British Museum (Natural History), London View reference
  • Gregory W. Stull; Neil F. Adams; Steven R. Manchester; Dan Sykes; Margaret E. Collinson. (2016). Revision of Icacinaceae from the Early Eocene London Clay flora based on X-ray micro-CT. Botany, 94(9), 713–745 View reference
  • Margaret E. Collinson; Neil F. Adams; Steven R. Manchester; Gregory W. Stull; Fabiany Herrera; Selena Y. Smith; Mary J. Andrew; Paul Kenrick; Dan Sykes. (2016). X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) of pyrite-permineralized fruits and seeds from the London Clay Formation (Ypresian) conserved in silicone oil: a critical evaluation. Botany, 94(9), 697–711 View reference
Last Reviewed
26 August 2026 Reviewed by Sam Harris